Alternative detectors for mass spectrometry

The following (incomplete) list contains examples of alternative cryogenic detectors, which offer for instance energy resolution and high sensitivity, but may have to compromise in time resolution or require detector temperatures below 1K. Because of these complementary properties, they all have their individual field of applications and specialization

Superconducting Tunneling Junctions (STJ)

• Damian Twerenbold et al. , Detecting single molecules launched from liquid surfaces in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer using ultraviolet and infrared lasers, Proteomics, 2, 436 (2002).
• Fujii, G., et al., Development of Superconducting-Tunnel-Junction Array Detectors with Three-Dimensional Structure Beyond 1000-Pixels, J. Low Temp. Phys., 184, 194 (2015).

Bolometric detector

• Cavallini, M., et al., A Molecular Beam Scattering Apparatus with a Low Temperature Bolometer Detector, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 42, 1759 (1971).
• Hilton, G.C., et al., Impact energy measurement in time-of-flight mass spectrometry with cryogenic microcalorimeters, Nature, 391, 672 (1998).

Kinetic inductance detector

• Pagano, S., et al., Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Mass Spectroscopy, IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 15, 940 (2005).